Different Shapes of Magnets

Magnets come in a variety of shapes designed to suit specific applications. Some of the most common are square, ring, round, and segment-shaped magnets, which are particularly popular among pressed magnets due to their versatility and reasonable cost. However, the shape of a magnet is not just aesthetic; it plays a crucial role in its performance and manufacturing. This article explores the main shapes of magnets, their characteristics, and the processes required to process them.

Common Shapes of Magnets

Square Magnets
These magnets have a compact structure and are ideal for applications where stability and a large contact surface are required. They are easy to manufacture and handle in industrial processes.

Ring Magnets
Also called annular magnets, they have a central hole that makes them ideal for applications where they need to be mounted on shafts or screws. Their design allows for an even distribution of the magnetic field around the axis.

Round magnets
Their cylindrical or disc shape makes them ideal for high-precision applications, such as in sensors or electric motors. Their symmetry ensures a consistent and predictable magnetic field.

Segment-shaped magnets
Commonly used in electric motors and generators, these magnets are designed to fit curved configurations, optimizing space efficiency and magnetic performance.

Manufacturing and limitations

The shape of a magnet must be determined before the pressing process, as its subsequent modification requires specialized tools, such as diamond tools, and expensive processes. This also applies to additional features such as holes, notches, bevels or perforations.

In the case of anisotropic magnets, which have a preferred magnetic orientation, small modifications such as cross holes can be made, although with some limitations due to their fragility.

Permanent Magnet Processing

The permanent magnet manufacturing process involves several steps:

Pressing
Square and other shaped magnets are pressed into a die that defines their initial shape.

Sintering
This heat treatment compacts the materials, increasing their density and magnetic properties.

Grinding
To achieve precise weight and dimensional tolerances, magnets are ground in the required areas. In some cases, all parts must meet exacting standards.

Cutting and Finishing
If it is necessary to produce magnets with extremely tight tolerances, cutting is used. This process eliminates the need for subsequent grinding, saving time and cost.

Due to the high levels of hardness and brittleness of magnetic materials, each step must be carried out with care to avoid damage.

Conclusion

The shape of a magnet not only influences its performance, but also the complexity of its manufacture. From squares to segments, each design is designed to maximize functionality in your specific application. However, the processes required to manufacture and process magnets are delicate and require precise handling to preserve their magnetic and structural properties. These considerations make magnets a fascinating combination of science, technology, and design.